Today is the 150th anniversary of the Grand Old Party, which was founded in Ripon, Wisconsin, in 1854, by northern anti-slavery activists.
Horace Greeley wrote in June 1854:
QUOTE
We should not care much whether those thus united (against slavery) were designated 'Whig,' 'Free Democrat' or something else; though we think some simple name like 'Republican' would more fitly designate those who had united to restore the Union to its true mission of champion and promulgator of Liberty rather than propagandist of slavery.
In its infancy it was still a marginal party behind the Democrats and the Whigs, but it went on to become the party whose leaders successfully prosecuted the Civil War, actively fought to end the scourge of slavery and preserve national union (as opposed to states' rights), and later led a wave of progressive reforms that would only be outstripped by Democrat FDR. The Republican Party of 1854 or 1904 or 1954 is quite different from the one of 2004, and I'm not a Republican supporter by any measure, but I thought it was important to note this historic day.
There's an excellent book on the founding of the party by late Harvard historian William Gienapp:
The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852-1856 (Oxford University Press, 1987).