QUOTE
NathanJones
Wow, he's in the same league as Adolph Hitler, Ayatollah Khomeini and Joseph Stalin (twice!)!
Not so fast. Although history will undoubtedly remember Bush as a mass murderer, the number of deaths for which he is responsible - so far - is nowhere near what other mass murderers of recent times have brought about. The British medical journal
The Lancet estimates deaths in Iraq due to Bush's invasion of that country as about 100,000.
Reading
the article in The Lancet requires registration. Since the research was conducted by scientists from Johns Hopkins, you can go to the Johns Hopkins site and
download the article in .pdf form or
view it as a .html file.Here's a synopsis:
100,000 Iraqi civilians have died as a result of the March 2003 invasion QUOTE
Public-health experts from the USA and Iraq estimate that around 100,000 Iraqi civilians have died as a result of the March 2003 invasion-the majority being violent deaths among women and children relating to military activity. Results of the research, done among clusters of Iraqi households last month, is published online by
The Lancet.
Les Roberts
(Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA) and colleagues did a survey to investigate the effect of the Iraq war on civilian deaths by comparing mortality during the 14.6 months before the March 2003 invasion with the 17.8 months after it. The investigators interviewed a total of 988 households from 33 randomly selected neighbourhoods of Iraq; in those households reporting deaths since January 2002, the date, cause, and circumstances of violent deaths were recorded.
Overall, the risk of death was 2.5 times greater after the invasion, although the risk was 1.5 times higher if mortality around Falluja (where two-thirds of violent deaths were reported) is excluded. The investigators estimate that a 1.5 times increase in deaths equates to an excess of 98,000 deaths relating to the Iraq conflict, although this estimate would be much greater if Falluja data is included.
....
That survey was published at the end of October, so the death toll is even higher by now.
It's morally indefensible to pass that figure off as inconsequential, but H*tl*r, Stalin, et al. brought about orders of magnitude more deaths.
... World's most prolific mass murderers QUOTE
... in the 20th century, far and away the bloodiest period in history, state-sponsored slaughter of innocents averaged 5,300 victims worldwide per day--170 million in all. (That's a conservative total, too, compiled in 1987.)
These numbers come from R.J. Rummel, a political scientist at the University of Hawaii who studies mass killing. Rummel's genocide figures are more inclusive than some--in fact, he prefers the term \"democide,\" which he defines as \"the murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder.\" Genocide is killing due to ethnicity, religion, or other \"indelible group membership,\" whereas politicide is murder for political reasons. Democide excludes deaths due to war (36.5 million between 1900 and 1987) and reckless but not purposely murderous government policies--for example, the loss of over 20 million Chinese during the famine of 1959-'62, which was caused by the failure of the Great Leap Forward.
Defining terms this way puts the Nazi slaughter in perspective. The following are Rummel's 12 most murderous regimes (from his article in the Encyclopedia of Genocide, 1999): (1) USSR, 62 million deaths, 1917-'87; (2) People's Republic of China, 35 million, 1949-'87; (3) Germany, 21 million, 1933-'45; (4) nationalist China, 10 million, 1928-'49; (5) Japan, 6 million, 1936-'45; (6) prerevolutionary Chinese communists (\"Mao Soviets\"), 3.5 million, 1923-'49; (7) Cambodia, 2 million, 1975-'79; (8) Turkey (Armenian genocide), 1.9 million, 1909-'18; (9) Vietnam, 1.7 million, 1945-'87; (10) Poland, 1.6 million, 1945-'48; (11) Pakistan, 1.5 million, 1958-'87; (12) Yugoslavia, 1.1 million, 1944-'87. Three additional \"suspected megamurderers,\" as Rummel puts it, are North Korea, 1.7 million deaths, 1948-'87; Mexico, 1.4 million, 1900-'20; and czarist Russia, 1.1 million, 1900-'17.
Rummel goes on to identify the top nine killers: (1) Joseph Stalin, 43 million dead, 1929-'53; (2) Mao Tse-tung, 38 million, 1923-'76; (3) Adolf Hitler, 21 million, 1933-'45; (4) Chiang Kai-shek, 10 million, 1921-'48; (5) Vladimir Lenin, 4 million, 1917-'24; (6) Tojo Hideki (Japan), 4 million, 1941-'45; (7) Pol Pot, 2.4 million, 1968-'87; (8) Yahya Khan (Pakistan), 1.5 million, 1971; (9) Josip Broz, better known as Marshal Tito (Yugoslavia), 1.2 million, 1941-'80.
What states murdered the most as a percentage of population? The undisputed leader is Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, which killed more than 8 percent of its people per year between 1975 and 1979, and 31 percent of its men overall. Runners-up: the Ataturk regime in Turkey (which continued to murder Armenians), 2.6 percent annually, 1919-'23 (703,000); Yugoslavia (Ustasha regime in Croatia), 2.5 percent, 1941-'45 (655,000); Poland, 2 percent, 1945-'48 (1.6 million); the Young Turk regime in Turkey (the triumvirate you mention), 1 percent, 1909-'18 (1.8 million--domestic killings only). The Soviet Union, just to give you a benchmark, killed 0.4 percent of its population annually between 1917 and 1987--if America did the same, at current population levels that'd be over a million dead each year. Because Rummel's compilation ends in 1987, it doesn't include ethnic cleansing of Albanians in Kosovo (probably around 10,000, 1999) and the massacres in Rwanda (800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus, 1994).
Rummel observes that communist and fascist regimes accounted for 84 percent of democidal deaths during the period studied, leading him to comment, \"Power kills, and absolute Power kills absolutely.\" But democracies aren't innocent. For example, the United States military killed an estimated 300,000 during the subjugation of the Philippines, 1898-1902. Millions of Africans died during the four centuries of the transatlantic slave trade. The native population of North America, as large as 15 million in 1500, had been reduced to less than 250,000 by 1890. Granted, native mortality was due primarily to the inadvertent spread of European diseases, and didn't all happen on America's watch. Still, democracies kill fewer, not none.
--CECIL ADAMS
[ December 21, 2004, 03:28 PM: Message edited by: twin58 ]